flight instructor determines if an applicant can demonstrate the ability to meet English language requirements. With a briefing, the speaker presents a concise array of facts to the listeners who normally do not expect elaboration of supporting material. In this case, the responsible instructor needs to establish procedures to make sure the required training is accomplished, since he or she must certify student competency at the end of the course, Models, mock-ups, and cut-aways are additional instructional aids. The instructor who requires notes should use them sparingly and unobtrusively, but at the same time should make no effort to hide them from the students. When the instructor points to each part of the model while explaining these relationships, the students can better understand the mechanical principles involved. Questions can be categorized by function and by characteristics. The goal might be a certificate of completion, graduation, or an academic degree. (Note that these same suggestions include many that are appropriate for planning cooperative learning, to be discussed later in the chapter. However in the teaching lecture, the feedback is not nearly as obvious and is much harder to interpret. A course of training also may be limited to something like the additional training required for operating high-performance airplanes, Other terms closely associated with a course of training include curriculum, syllabus, and training course outline. The instructor said the incident might have been a catalyst for the rule's implementation in 1981. One way to increase retention during a lecture is to use the discussion method of training delivery, The discussion method modifies the pure lecture form by using lecture and then discussion to actively integrate the student into the learning process. Many of the limitations of the overhead projector are also true of the opaque projector, CDs and DVDs are todays popular video instructional aids. For example, the instructor in the opening scenario is an aviation maintenance SME, Effective instructors are not only knowledgeable about aviation, they are also knowledgeable about teaching. The rough draft should be carefully checked for technical accuracy, proper terminology, grammar, spelling, basic balance, clarity, and simplicity. Also, the instructor should avoid a long apologetic introduction, because it only serves to dampen the students interest in the lesson, Development is the main part of the lesson. Well-designed interactive video, when properly used, is highly effective as an instructional aid. The desired learning outcomes should stem from the objective, Conduct adequate research to become familiar with the topic. Since much of the new technology is based on computer technology, instructors with well-developed computer skills are in demand, Although the explosion of training technology offers new opportunities, instructors must remember their main teaching goals and be selectively receptive to new possibilities. Developing good problems that motivate, focus, and initiate student learning are an important component of PBL. First, it will familiarize flight instructors with the FITS program, including its history, objectives, methods, and future goals. Regardless of which is used, it should relate to the subject and establish a background for developing the learning outcomes. B. want to escape from frustrating situations. This results when the material is presented as an authentic problem in a situated environment that allows the learner to "make meaning" of the information based on his or her past experience and personal interpretation. Sequencing can be emphasized and made clearer by the use of contrasting colors, The effectiveness of aids and the ease of their preparation can be increased by initially planning them in rough draft form. Teaching methods or training delivery methods are discussed, as well as the use of instructional aids, In education, a course of training is a complete series of studies leading to attainment of a specific goal. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. Visual aids must be visible to the entire class. Major advantages of CAL are that students can progress at a rate which is comfortable for them and are often able to access the CAL at their own convenience, Another benefit of CAL is the test prep study guides, useful for preparation for the FAA knowledge tests. This concept has led to the adoption of scenario-based training (SBT) in many fields, including aviation. In addition, the Certificated Flight Instructor (CFI) needs to remember he or she is teaching a pilot who should: Seek proficiency in control of the aircraft. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by June 14, 2022 June 14, 2022 Lectures are best used when an instructor wishes to convey a general understanding of a subject that students lack. On the other hand, CAL is a useful tool for aviation instructors. The chalk or marker board is a widely used tool for instructors. Assessment is explored in more detail in chapter 5, Instructional aids are devices that assist an instructor in the teaching-learning process. To be effective, an instructor utilizes people skills, subject matter expertise, management skills, and assessment skills, This chapter explores the teaching process in general terms of how to prepare, present, apply, and assess lesson material. While it is important to provide hands-on tasks in the lesson plan to engage students in active learning, it is also important to ensure the tasks are completed safely and correctly, In Chapter 2, The Learning Process, learning was defined as "a change in the behavior of the learner as a result of experience. The airlines, as well as aeronautical programs at some colleges and universities, have used similar facilities for many years, Another type of computer-based technology, virtual reality (VR), creates a sensory experience that allows a participant to believe and barely distinguish a virtual experience from a real one. An interim summary reinforces learning in relation to a specific learning outcome. The pilot called "mayday" and during the forced landing the airplane collided with trees and the ground separating the right wing, half of the left wing, and coming to rest inverted. In certain instances, the instructor has no opportunity to assign preliminary work and must face the students for the first time. While developing the lesson, the instructor also should strongly consider the use of examples and personal experiences related to the subject of the lesson, After completing the preliminary planning and writing of the lesson plan, the instructor should rehearse the lecture to build self-confidence. Or the instructor may remind the students of an upcoming test on the material. The chapter begins with practical strategies flight instructors can use to enhance their instruction, the demonstration-performance training delivery method of flight instruction, integrated flight instruction, positive exchange of flight controls, use of distractions, obstacles to learning encountered during flight training, and how to evaluate The instructor can use questions to determine the experience and background of the students in order to tailor the lecture to their needs, and/or to add variety, stimulate interest, and check student understanding. The instructor also should carefully consider the class size and the depth of the presentation. Decision-based training objectives allow for a more dynamic training environment and are ideally suited to scenario type training. For the maintenance instructor, this may mean monitoring the replacement of a carburetor. The primary consideration in the lecture method, as in all other teaching methods, is the achievement of desired learning outcomes. Effective problems: Relate to the real world so students want to solve them, Are open ended and not limited to one correct answer, Are connected to previously learned knowledge as well as new knowledge, Risk management, ADM, automation management, situational awareness, and Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT) awareness are the skills encompassed by HOTS. When using this method, instructors should keep their own discussion to a minimum since the goal is student participation, Instructors can also use another form of discussion, the guided discussion method, to ensure the student has correctly received and interpreted subject information, The guided discussion method relies on student possession of a level of knowledge about the topic to be discussed, either through reading prior to class or a short lecture to set up the topic to be discussed. For example, instead of using many words to describe a sound, object, or function, the instructor plays a recording of the sound, shows a picture of the object, or presents a diagram of the function. Conditions and criteria should be refined as necessary. This overview can alleviate a significant source of uncertainty and frustration on the part of the student, As indicated in chapter 1, training objectives apply to all three domains of learningcognitive (knowledge), affective (attitudes, beliefs, values), and psychomotor (physical skills). In aviation, the term "training syllabus" is commonly used and in this context it is a step-by-step, building block progression of learning with provisions for regular review and assessments at prescribed stages of learning. The mock-up may emphasize or highlight elements or components for learning and eliminate nonessential elements, Cut-aways, another type of model, are built in sections and can be taken apart to reveal the internal structure. Copyright 2023 CFI Notebook, All rights reserved. The behavior can be physical and overt, or it can be intellectual or attitudinal." Many of these items are suitable for long-term use on bulletin boards and in briefing areas. In a typical lesson, an effective instructor normally uses a combination of methods. Consequently, the student learns faster and more accurately, and the instructor saves time in the process, The use of any instructional aid must be planned, based on its ability to support a specific point in a lesson. By organizing in this manner, the instructor phrases the questions to help the students obtain a firm grasp of the subject matter and to minimize the possibility of a rambling discussion, Plan at least one lead-off question for each desired learning outcome. Consequently, CDs and DVDs have replaced many of the projection-type instructional aids, For instructors, the convenience of CDs and DVDs is certainly an advantage. By using "how" and "why" follow-up questions, the instructor should be able to guide the discussion toward the objective of helping students understand the subject, When it appears the students have discussed the ideas that support this particular part of the lesson, the instructor should summarize what the students have accomplished using an interim summary. [Figure 4-5] The FAA frequently reviews the test items in an attempt to maintain their validity in the current aviation environment. under: depths of fear story explained; taidnapam park fishing; what state has the worst soil; unghia incarnita gentalyn beta; The pilot did not report any mechanical deficiencies with the airplane during the attempted approaches. This fourth organizational pattern starts with common usage before progressing to the rarer ones. More often, the assessment is formal and results recorded to certify the students progress in the course. Through doing, students learn to follow correct procedures and to reach established standards. For example, inserting conditions narrows the objective as follows: "Using sectional charts, a flight computer, and Cessna 172, navigate from point A to point B while maintaining standard hemispheric altitudes." [Figure 4-8], In the teaching lecture, simple rather than complex words should be used whenever possible. For example, Marks closest friends bought him a ticket for a playoff game at their alma mater and they paid him to rent an airplane. The nature of the questions should be determined by the lesson objective and desired learning outcomes, Once the discussion is underway, the instructor should listen attentively to the ideas, experiences, and examples contributed by the students during the discussion. For example, a laboratorytype environment may be configured with separate study areas for each student. All lettering and illustrations must be large enough to be seen easily by the students farthest from the aids. Provisions for logging training time can be incorporated so the syllabus could also serve as the training record for the student, instructor, or school. The following paragraph is an example of one such accident, "The private pilot was on a visual flight rules (VFR) crosscountry flight when he began encountering instrument conditions. In general, if a two-dimensional representation will satisfy the instructors requirement, it should be used, Test preparation material applies to an array of paper, video, and computer software products that are designed by commercial publishers to help student applicants prepare for FAA tests. entry of bacteriophages and animal viruses into host cells. Learning evolves as a result of the students interactions with the game, and these games usually promote the development of critical thinking skills, Not every aviation learning objective can be delivered via this teaching method, but it should prove to be a useful tool in the instructors tool box as the number and content of educational games increase, Cooperative or group learning organizes students into small groups who can work together to maximize their own and each others learning. For example, a program may indicate, "That was incorrect. It is extremely expensive, and versions with a head-mounted display sometimes produce unfavorable side effects, For those engaged in aviation training, the challenge is staying abreast of technological changes that apply to training and adopting those that are the most useful and cost effective. For example, once the instructor decides how the student will accomplish the objective, most of the work that determines the elements of the lesson and the schedule of events has been done. Some models are solid and show only the outline of the object they portray, while others can be manipulated or operated, Although a model may not be a realistic copy of an actual piece of equipment, it can be used effectively in explaining operating principles of various types of equipment. It can be used during classroom periods and preflight and postflight briefings. As discussed in Chapter 1, Human Behavior, the average age of aviation students is 34 years old. They learn by applying what they have been told and shown. Depending on the nature of the representation, cost can vary. Take The Exams. The instructors success is determined to a large degree by the ability to organize material and to select and utilize a teaching method appropriate to a particular lesson, Application is student use of the instructors presented material. An aviation instructor needs to remember he or she is teaching a pilot or technician who should: Develop and exercise good judgment in making decisions, Adhere to prudent operating practices and personal operating parameters, and, Adhere to applicable laws and regulations. Additional transparencies can be overlaid onto the original to show development or buildup of an event or display. By removing the NTSBs determination of probable cause, a flight instructor can use the description as a case study. As mentioned in chapter 3, covering a subject in too much detail is as bad or worse than sketchy coverage. Similar objectives and standards are established for AMT students. If students wish to learn about a particular area, they do so by clicking the mouse on a particular portion of the screen. On the other hand, poorly constructed long sentences are difficult to follow and can easily become tangled. As the discussion proceeds, the instructor may find it necessary to guide the direction to stimulate the students to explore the subject in greater depth or to encourage them to discuss the topic in more detail. They also should be meaningful to the student, lead to the desired behavioral or learning objectives, and provide appropriate reinforcement. A syllabus is a summary or outline of a course of study that generally contains a description of each lesson, including objectives and completion standards. After the presentation, the instructor should allow time for questions and a summary of key points, Computer-generated slide shows have changed the way information is presented to todays student. The introduction consists of three elements: attention, motivation, and overview. The examiner for the Airframe and Powerplant (A&P) is required to ask four questions in each of the subject areas, which are required by the regulations to be taught.